Gastropod evidence against the Early Triassic Lilliput effect: reply
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The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event
Early Triassic animal body fossils and trace fossils are small relative to those in older and younger intervals. Size decreases sharply through the end-Permian extinction event and Permian/Triassic boundary, and the smallest sizes are encountered in the parvus and isarcica Zones of the earliest Induan. Animals appearing within these two zones are also exceedingly small, compared to younger cong...
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—The small size of Early Triassic marine organisms has important implications for the ecological and environmental pressures operating during and after the end-Permian mass extinction. However, this “Lilliput Effect” has only been documented quantitatively in a few invertebrate clades. Moreover, the discovery of Early Triassic gastropod specimens larger than any previously known has called the ...
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BACKGROUND Several clades of bivalve molluscs have invaded freshwaters at various times throughout Phanerozoic history. The most successful freshwater clade in the modern world is the Unionoida. Unionoids arose in the Triassic Period, sometime after the major extinction event at the End-Permian boundary and are now widely distributed across all continents except Antarctica. Until now, no freshw...
متن کاملEvolutionary dynamics of gastropod size across the end-Permian extinction and through the Triassic recovery interval
—A global database of gastropod sizes from the Permian through the Middle Triassic documents trends in gastropod shell size and permits tests of the suggestion that Early Triassic gastropods were everywhere unusually small. Analysis of the database shows that no specimens of unambiguous Early Triassic age larger than 2.6 cm have been reported, in contrast to common 5– 10-cm specimens of both Pe...
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This paper presents structural evidence of extensional activity in Central Alborz during Mesozoic. The structural evidence of homogenous early stage stretching such as layer-parallel to oblique boudinage of Permian and Triassic rocks in various portions of the study area accompanied by extensional-fibrous fractures were followed with more advanced extensional features. These extensional structu...
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